In 1994, my company began a journey toward sustainability that no one would have imagined for us, or for the petroleum-intensive business of carpet manufacturing. It seemed we became the darlings of the business press overnight -- with everyone from Fast Company to Fortune to BusinessWeek to Jane Fonda profiling us and our "unique" point of view on "doing well by doing good."
Today, we've reached a milestone in our journey. We are now 10 years from 2020, our target year for achieving zero footprint. And we are marking the occasion with an event in Washington, where we will be joined by Boeing -- one of our customers and partners -- and the Environmental Protection Agency. We'll be talking about a new commitment we're making to transparency, with a promise to produce Environmental Product Declarations, or EPDs, on 100 percent of our commercial products by 2012. Based on rigorous Life Cycle Assessments, EPDs show it all, "warts" included.
Since the beginning, other companies have wanted to see for themselves what we are doing. For years we hosted those who wanted to come tour our factories, meet our people, marvel at our then very tentative steps towards zero environmental footprint. The invitations to speak came fast and furious, and just four years in, I wrote a book about the transformation that was taking place. I called it Mid-Course Correction, a play on the space-age navigational term for a course correction that is made along the way on a long journey, such as to the moon or Mars.
At some point early on, I likened sustainability to a mountain to climb; a mountain higher than Everest and much harder to scale. Pretty quickly we realized that there wasn't just one path up Mount Sustainability -- there were at least seven faces to climb -- and we'd need to climb them all simultaneously to get to that point at the peak that we imagined as representing zero footprint.
When we started thinking and talking about sustainability, oil was around $18/bbl. The energy crisis of the 70s was a distant memory. The U.S. Green Building Council began organizing, and when I spoke at the 1995 Greenbuild in Big Sky, there were 135 people in the room. Flash-forward to 2010 and some 30,000 are estimated to be coming to Chicago. In business that's a growth curve to die for.
We've made good progress on our mountain climb, some things coming more easily than others. The low hanging fruit was waste elimination, and avoided costs -- money we didn't spend on things we were no longer wasting -- which freed up enough money to fund the R&D, technology, and things like renewable energy and offsets. Altogether, at the end of 2009, we were about 60 percent of the way to zero footprint.
Invitations to share our story -- through speeches or interviews -- continued to come fast and furious, and our story went even more mainstream as we were profiled in the New York Times and on shows like The Weather Channel's Forecast Earth. We began to understand how powerful our influence could be in helping us scale the "eighth" face of the mountain -- the one that goes beyond the peak -- becoming restorative, putting back more than we take, doing good for Earth, not just no harm. So, we created a consulting arm, InterfaceRAISE to formalize the informal peer-to-peer counseling we'd been doing (all of those factory tours and Interface immersion requests).
In 2004, I was invited to speak to CEO Lee Scott's team of direct reports at Wal-Mart. He asked me to talk about the business case for sustainability, to tell my company's story. In the modern vernacular, one could call that a tipping point, a watershed event, as one of the world's largest companies embraced sustainability.
Soon, "green" was becoming mainstream, a crowded field of corporations, governments, academic study, and celebrity endorsement. Today, it's mostly a healthy mix of doing the right thing and good old capitalism in action, in which "natural" capital takes on value along with financial capital. Yet we shouldn't kid ourselves. As a society, we still have a long way to go, because "zero" is hard.
Today, as we begin the final decade of the climb, I wonder: Is the Interface story -- and is our successful rally up Mount Sustainability -- still as relevant as it once was? Does our ability to provide inspiration, instruction, and influence seem less important now that some of the world's biggest corporations are engaged? What will be our legacy?

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Dear Ray Thank you for this
Dear Ray
Thank you for this inspiring article.
I have a couple of questions. Do you think sustainability is in Interface's DNA yet? If yes, how? If not, how far away do you think that is?
Thank you.
Anonymous - I can say
Anonymous - I can say unequivocally that yes, sustainability is part of our DNA at Interface. You may be interested in some work done by Mona Amodeo, PhD, a consultant who did research on organizational change and sustainability by using Interface as a "lab". http://www.idgroupusa.com/?page_id=203, or the film, "So Right, So Smart," which looks in part at the change process at Interface, www.sorightsosmart.com. Thank you for your comment. Ray
Tim, Nick, thank you for your
Tim, Nick, thank you for your notes. The business case is crystal clear: 1)Through our waste elimination effort (going for zero waste) we have saved $433 million cumulatively, more than paying for all costs (investments, R&D, employee training,etc.) associated with sustainability. So costs are down, not up, dispelling a myth that is expensive. 2) Products are the best they have ever been through application of biomimicry principles and de-materialization. 3) Our people are highly galvanized around a shared higher purpose (Maslow's self-realization). This affects present employees and recruitment. People who would never consider entering the carpet industry are joining Interface; and the best people are staying, working with purpose. 4) The goodwill of the market is leading to market share gains and increased customer loyalty. Interface sales gains consistently out-perform the industry. [P]The hard proof is in the top line (out-performing the industry), bottom line (double last year's), and share price, which has gained more than 90% this year. Even in the 2008-2009 recession, Interface out-performed the industry. Ray
good very good!!
good very good!!
Excellent article, Ray. Your
Excellent article, Ray. Your story of sustainability is truly an important, relevant, and inspiring model for all businesses to follow. As you point out with your Mt. Everest analogy, it is clear that sustainability is not a one-size-fits-all model for businesses, nor is there a silver bullet for any individual business. Just like the other challenges businesses face on a daily basis, sustainability is constantly changing, it is multifaceted, and it must be approached anew time and time again. While it is important to have a strong sustainability model in place for any business, it is equally important to engage employees and other stakeholders to update and improve that plan for changes that occur. Flexibility and engagement are vital for sustainability, and you have proven this through your actions and your model at Interface.
I hope that some of the small businesses we serve here at COSE can learn from your model and see the value in tackling sustainability now. It is clearly not just some altruistic approach that does not take into account business performance. A business cannot do good unless it is doing well. Thanks for reinforcing this point and providing an example for other businesses to follow.
- Tim Kovach
Product Coordinator, Energy Programs at COSE
www.cose.org/blog
www.twitter.com/COSEenergy
I agree with Tim, great post.
I agree with Tim, great post. My question for both Tim and Ray is: what is the best way to spread and encourage this positive momentum? Ray's article points to several benefits of sustainability: reduced costs, increased press and brand (and business) and finally leaving a better planet for future generations. Does anyone have any input on which of these levers are the most compelling when trying to make a case for sustainability?
My belief is that the business case must be made in order for sustainability to truly take hold in the mainstream. While creating a better planet or creating a better employee work environment often generate results on a small scale, as a company grows and is beholden to a larger set of stakeholders, such strategies tend to get pushed to the side. Using sustainability to improve the bottom line seems to be the silver bullet. But so far, I haven't seen many metrics that are supporting this or showing that sustainability does (outside of the green halo effect) actually bring improved bottom line results. Again, Tim and Ray, any input?
Thanks!
Hi Nick. I appreciate the
Hi Nick. I appreciate the comment.
I have certainly had a difficult time making the sell on sustainability to our small business members at COSE; it is not a top-of-mind issue for them, and many of them have a difficult understanding exactly what sustainability and what it means to them.
As a result, I have tried to develop as many parallel arguments as I could so that I have several bullets in the chamber, if you will, when I have discussions with business owners on these topics. There are two that I think are more effective than the others; they are not always successful, but I think that they have a more lasting effect on our members than the standard arguments. I think that the two most common arguments are that it will save you money and make your business more marketable. Unfortunately those just aren't strong enough for most of our members, particularly for smaller businesses that don't really have a recognizable brand.
The first argument that I have relied on is that, for many small business owners, they are extremely concerned with putting out the immediate fires around them. They need to know how they can make payroll and whether they have the resources necessary to cover their next order. This can be problematic, as it can prevent them from seeing the forest for the trees; they have a difficult time preparing for what's around the bend and what lays down the line, because they are so caught up in the here and now. This lack of long-term planning can be crippling for businesses, so I like to argue that sustainability is a way to address this. The triple-bottom line approach takes a holistic view of your business from angles that you might not otherwise consider. Sustainability is also here to stay and becoming increasingly important, so taking on the challenge now will help position your business well for long-term success.
The second argument that I use deals with the lesser-known, somewhat peripheral benefits of sustainability. For instance, upgrading to energy efficient lighting can improve employee productivity by more than 5%. Improving the indoor air quality can improve productivity to a similar capacity and reduce time lost due to employee illness. Access to daylighting has been shown to increase sales in retail settings. Pursuing a sustainable business can increase your employee recruitment and retention rates. All of these are arguments that many sustainability proponents overlook or don't effectively utilize, but I think they are all very successful ones to use. When a business owner hears that taking the productivity increases from a lighting upgrade into account can offset the investment required, that really seems to have an impact on them, long after the discussion.
While I certainly have a lot to learn and a long way to go on this - I'm still very new to all of this - I think these are the two best arguments that I have been able to put together.
- Tim Kovach